Lip pigmentation
Are you bothered by lip pigmentation?
It can be caused by various factors including sun exposure, smoking, hormonal changes, medications, or underlying health conditions.
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What is lip pigmentation?
Lip hyperpigmentation is a common condition. It is associated with a wide variety of conditions that include physiologic changes, inflammatory diseases, hormonal disorders, drugs and chemicals, benign and malignant neoplasm, and other non-melanotic conditions.
What are the causes of lip pigmentation?
Lip hyperpigmentation can be caused by several factors. They can be due to:
1. Physiological
- More common in dark skin individuals
2. Benign Pigmentation
- Labial melanotic macule
- Lentigines
- Moles
3. Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders:
- Addison’s disease
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Haemochromatosis
5. Syndromic
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- LEOPARD syndrome
- Centrofacial lentiginosis
6. Drugs
- Minocycline (antibiotic)
- Ketoconazole (antifungal)
- Zidovudine (antiretroviral)
7. Vascular disorders:
- Venous lake
- Haemangioma
- Haematoma
Physioloical lip hyperpigmentation
Physiological lip pigmentation refers to the natural variation in lip color caused by genetic factors and melanin distribution. It is commonly seen in individuals with darker skin tones due to higher melanin levels, and can present as uniform or patchy pigmentation. This type of pigmentation is benign and does not require treatment. However, it can sometimes be confused with pathological conditions such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which may arise from external factors like sun exposure, trauma, or allergic reactions.
Treatment:
Treatment is not usually necessary unless the individual seeks cosmetic improvement. However, for those desiring lighter lips, some treatment options include:
Topical Lightening Agents: Creams containing ingredients like hydroquinone, kojic acid, or azelaic acid may help reduce pigmentation. These should be used under medical supervision.
Laser Therapy: Procedures such as Q-switched Nd laser or Picosecond laser can target excess melanin and lighten the lips over time.
Chemical Peels: Mild chemical peels, using agents like glycolic or lactic acid, can help exfoliate pigmented cells and promote more even lip color.
Sun Protection: Consistent use of lip balms with broad-spectrum SPF can prevent further pigmentation due to UV exposure.
Labial melanotic macule
The labial melanotic macule or lip freckle is a benign pigmented lesion that is commonly found on the vermilion border of the lower lip. The cause of labial melanocytic macules is largely unknown, though they are believed to result from an increased production of melanin rather than a proliferation of melanocytes. Chronic sun exposure has been implicated as a contributing factor in some cases, leading to an increase in melanin production.
Diagnosis of a labial melanocytic macule is primarily clinical, supported by its characteristic appearance. Dermoscopy can be useful for distinguishing benign melanocytic macules from other pigmented lesions. If the lesion exhibits atypical features, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and rule out malignant changes.
Treatment:
Treatment is generally not required for labial melanocytic macules, as they are benign. However, cosmetic concerns may lead patients to seek removal. In such cases, treatment options include:
- Picosecond Laser
- Nanosecond Laser
- Intense Pulsed Light
- Cryotherapy
- Excision (but will lead to scarring)
Labial melanotic macule
A lip venous lake is a benign vascular lesion characterized by a small, dark blue to purple spot on the lip caused by dilated venules. It typically occurs in older adults and is often linked to chronic sun exposure and aging. Venous lakes are usually asymptomatic, soft to the touch, and can blanch under pressure. While harmless, they may be treated for cosmetic reasons or if recurrent bleeding occurs.
Treatment:
Treatment is generally not required for venous lakes, as they are benign. However, cosmetic concerns may lead patients to seek removal. In such cases, treatment options include:
- Vascular Laser
- Intense Pulsed Light
- Cryotherapy
- Electrocautery
Schedule a consultation for Lip hyperpigmentation treatment in Singapore
Treatment options for lip hyperpigmentation include topical depigmenting agents, laser therapies, chemical peels, and consistent use of sun protection to prevent further darkening. A thorough clinical evaluation is essential to identify the underlying cause and tailor the appropriate treatment plan for effective management.
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References:
1.Vachiramon V, McMichael AJ. Approaches to the evaluation of lip hyperpigmentation. International journal of dermatology. 2012 Jul;51(7):761-70.
2.Gupta G, MacKay IR, MacKie RM. Q‐switched ruby laser in the treatment of labial melanotic macules. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 1999;25(3):219-22.
ABOUT DR MOSES NG
MBBS (London) with distinction
Dip Practical Dermatology (Cardiff) with distinction
Member of American Acne & Rosacea Society
Fellow of American Society for Laser Medicine & Surgery
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Dr. Moses Ng is a distinguished professional in the field of aesthetic medicine, renowned for his expertise in advanced cosmetic procedures. With over 15 years of experience, extensive training and a keen eye for detail, Dr. Ng specializes in a wide range of treatments, including injectables, laser therapies, and acne scar management.
Dr. Moses Ng’s commitment to excellence and patient-centric approach have earned him a reputation as a trusted clinician in aesthetic medicine. His continuous pursuit of the latest advancements in the field ensures that his patients receive the highest standard of care and the most effective treatments available.
