The demand for underarm whitening procedures has surged within the last few years, fueled by societal beauty standards and the desire for flawless skin. However, amid the growing interest, numerous myths and misconceptions have surfaced, causing confusion and scepticism among those considering such treatments.

Read on as we aim to debunk these myths and shed light on the truth about underarm whitening procedures.

Myth #1: Underarm whitening procedures are harmful

One of the most common misconceptions about underarm whitening procedures is that they are inherently harmful to the skin. While it is true that some procedures can involve chemicals, advances in technology and medical research have led to the development of safer and more effective methods. Reputable clinics use FDA-approved products and techniques that are specifically formulated to minimise skin irritation and promote healthy underarm skin. When choosing an aesthetics clinic for your procedure, it is crucial to consider their commitment to using safe and approved products.

Myth #2: Underarm whitening procedures are exclusively for celebrities

Contrary to popular belief, underarm whitening procedures are not reserved for celebrities and the elite. These treatments are widely accessible to the general public, with various options available, including over-the-counter products and professional services offered at dermatology clinics. People from all walks of life seek underarm whitening procedures to boost their confidence and feel more comfortable in their skin.

Myth #3: Underarm whitening procedures guarantee instant results

While underarm whitening procedures can produce noticeable results, it is essential to manage expectations. Many myths stem from exaggerated claims of instant transformation. In reality, the effectiveness of these procedures varies from person to person and depends on factors such as skin type, lifestyle, and the chosen method. Patience and consistency are key, as gradual improvement is a more realistic expectation.

Myth #4: Underarm whitening procedures are permanent

Underarm whitening procedures do not offer permanent results. Skin naturally renews itself, and factors like sun exposure, hormonal changes, and ageing can affect the appearance of underarm skin over time. Maintenance is crucial to sustaining the desired outcome. Regular skincare routines, sun protection, and occasional touch-up treatments are necessary to preserve the results achieved through underarm whitening procedures.

Myth #5: Underarm whitening procedures are painful

Another common myth is that underarm whitening procedures are painful and require lengthy recovery periods. In truth, most modern techniques are minimally invasive and relatively painless. Patients might experience mild discomfort or a tingling sensation during the procedure, but this is generally well-tolerated. Additionally, there is little to no downtime associated with these treatments, allowing individuals to resume their daily activities immediately afterwards.

Myth #6: Underarm whitening procedures are unaffordable

The perception that underarm whitening procedures are exorbitantly expensive contributes to the misconception that they are inaccessible to the average person. While certain professional treatments may come with a higher price tag, there are affordable options available, including at-home whitening products and budget-friendly clinic services. Moreover, many clinics offer package deals and financing options to make these procedures more financially manageable for a broader range of individuals.

Conclusion

It is important to dispel the myths surrounding underarm whitening procedures and approach the topic with accurate information. With advancements in technology and increased accessibility, these treatments have become safer, more affordable, and less invasive. By consulting with qualified professionals and managing expectations realistically, individuals can achieve the desired results and boost their confidence in a safe and effective manner. Remember, the key lies in understanding the facts, embracing patience, and making well-informed decisions for your skincare journey.

If you’re looking for a renowned and reliable clinic to begin your underarm whitening journey, look no further than APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic! Our team of experienced professionals will ensure a smooth and satisfying experience during your treatment. With our expertise in various fields, including deep deep acne scar treatments, skin surgery and hyperhidrosis treatment, you can trust us to provide personalised care tailored to your unique needs. Visit our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic at Bukit Panjang MRT or our Hougang aesthetic clinic at Kovan MRT station. Do not hesitate to contact us today for more information!

Skin pigmentation is a common concern for many individuals, impacting people with various skin types and backgrounds. For those who are unfamiliar, skin pigmentation refers to the abnormal lightening or darkening of your skin. It is a fairly common skin condition that may affect both men and women alike. While some embrace their natural skin tones, others seek ways to reduce or eliminate skin pigmentation for cosmetic or medical reasons.

Below, we will explore the causes of skin pigmentation and discuss the available treatments that can help manage this condition.

What is Skin Pigmentation?

Before we move on to the causes of skin pigmentation, let’s take a closer look at what this condition implies. Skin pigmentation refers to the colour of a person's skin, determined by the presence and distribution of melanin - the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye colour. Melanin is produced by melanocytes, specialised cells located in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. The amount and type of melanin in your skin are determined by genetics, exposure to sunlight, and hormonal factors.

Causes of Skin Pigmentation

Several factors contribute to skin pigmentation, with each playing a distinct role in its development:

1. Sun exposure

Excessive sun exposure is a significant cause of skin pigmentation. Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun stimulate melanocytes to produce more melanin, resulting in tanned or pigmented skin. Prolonged sun exposure without adequate protection can lead to sunspots and uneven pigmentation.

2. Genetics

Genetic factors influence the type and amount of melanin your body produces. Individuals with a family history of skin pigmentation issues are more likely to develop similar conditions themselves. Certain individuals have a genetic inclination toward skin pigmentation, which may result in freckles and birthmarks. Typically, these forms of skin pigmentation pose no harm.

3. Hormones

Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy, birth control pill usage, or hormone replacement therapy, can cause an increase in melanin production, leading to skin pigmentation changes. Hormonal changes affect all areas of the body, including the skin. Melasma, a form of skin pigmentation that develops during pregnancy, is a particularly typical case. Melasma is characterised by dark areas on the cheeks, forehead, forearms, and upper lip. Melasma brought on by pregnancy is completely safe and usually goes away after a few months.

4. Inflammatory conditions

Irritated or damaged skin cells tend to preact by producing a high level of melanin. This process is commonly referred to as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Skin inflammation can be brought on by eczema, acne and psoriasis but can also be the result of damage to the skin.

5. Ageing

As we age, our skin undergoes various changes, including alterations in melanin distribution. Age spots, also known as liver spots, are flat, brown, grey, or black spots that develop in sun-exposed areas due to ageing and prolonged sun exposure.

Is it possible to remove skin pigmentation?

While complete removal of skin pigmentation may not always be possible, there are several treatments available that can significantly reduce its appearance:

1. Pico Laser Treatment

Pico laser treatments in Singapore offer an advanced solution for various pigmentation issues. Using ultrashort pulses, Pico laser breaks down pigments into smaller particles, effectively treating freckles, sunspots, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Unlike traditional lasers, Pico laser's rapid pulses exert a photoacoustic effect, eliminating pigments without overheating surrounding tissues.

2. Topical Creams

Topical creams containing ingredients like hydroquinone, kojic acid, retinoids, or corticosteroids can help lighten hyperpigmented areas of the skin. These creams work by inhibiting melanin production or promoting skin cell turnover, leading to a more even skin tone over time. It's crucial to consult a dermatologist before using any topical treatments to ensure they are suitable for your skin type and condition.

3. Regular Check-ups

Regular check-ups with a dermatologist are essential for monitoring any changes in your skin pigmentation. Early detection of skin conditions can lead to more effective treatments and better outcomes. Dermatologists can recommend personalised treatments based on the specific cause and severity of your skin pigmentation issues.

Conclusion

Skin pigmentation is a complex issue influenced by various factors. While complete removal might not always be possible, advancements in dermatological treatments offer effective solutions for managing and reducing skin pigmentation. Pico laser treatments and topical creams, along with regular check-ups with a dermatologist, can significantly improve the appearance of hyperpigmented areas. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable treatment plan tailored to your specific needs and skin type, ensuring safe and satisfactory results.

At APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic, we provide Pico Laser treatments to help alleviate your skin pigmentation issues. Aside from skin pigmentation, our clinic provides an array of services for numerous dermatological conditions, acne scar removal treatments, and more. Consider visiting our Hougang aesthetic clinic, located near  Kovan MRT station or our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic at Bukit Panjang MRT.

Cystic acne can be an incredibly frustrating skin condition. Categorised by large, painful, and often deeply rooted pimples, it can leave lasting scars if not managed properly. For those who are looking for the best method to eliminate or prevent acne from developing further, fortunately, there are various cystic acne treatment options available, including topical medications like Benzoyl Peroxide and Topical Retinoids, as well as oral medications such as Isotretinoin (Accutane) and Oral Antibiotics. These are the two primary choices for treating cystic acne.

Read on as we explore the pros and cons of both to help you make an informed decision about which may be the best option for your unique skin needs.

Topical medications

Topical medications are applied directly to the skin’s surface and are a popular choice for treating cystic acne. Here are some of their advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages of topical medications

1. Targeted application 

One of the most significant advantages of topical medications is its precision. They allow you to apply treatment directly to the affected areas, minimising the risk of side effects on unaffected skin.

2. Combination therapy

Topical medications are often used in combination with other topical treatments or skincare products. This approach can be tailored to address various aspects of acne, such as inflammation, bacteria, and excess oil production.

3. Less systemic impact

Since topical medications are absorbed primarily at the application site, they generally have fewer systemic side effects than oral medications. This can be particularly beneficial if you are concerned about potential internal health risks.

Disadvantages of topical medications

1. Skin sensitivity

Some topical medications can cause skin dryness, redness, and irritation, which may be challenging for individuals with sensitive skin. Finding the right product and dosage for your skin type can be a trial-and-error process.

2. Limited reach

Topical medication may not penetrate deep enough to reach the root of cystic acne, which often resides beneath the skin’s surface. This limitation can make it challenging to treat the condition effectively.

 3. Time-consuming 

Applying topical treatments can be time-consuming, especially if you have a large area to cover or multiple cystic acne lesions. Consistency in application is key for effectiveness, which may require a commitment to a daily skincare routine.

Oral medications

1. Less time-consuming

Unlike topical treatments that require multiple applications, oral medications are typically taken once or twice a day, making them a more convenient option for many people.

2. Systemic action

Oral medications circulate through the bloodstream, which means they can target cystic acne lesions deep within the skin. This can lead to faster and more comprehensive results.

3. Effective for severe cases

Oral medications are often recommended for individuals with severe or persistent cystic acne that has not responded well to topical treatments. They can provide a more potent and holistic approach to clearing the skin.

Disadvantages of oral medications

1. Monitoring required

Some oral medications, like isotretinoin (commonly known as Accutane), require regular monitoring by a healthcare provider due to their potential for serious side effects. This means frequent doctor visits and blood tests.

2. Systemic side effects

Because oral medications affect the entire body, they can have a range of systemic side effects, including gastrointestinal upset, headaches, and changes in mood. For some individuals, these side effects can be intolerable.

3. Not suitable for everyone

Oral medications are not recommended for pregnant women, as they can cause birth defects. Additionally, they may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions or those taking specific medications.

How to choose the right approach

Ultimately, the choice between topical and oral medications for cystic acne depends on several factors, including the severity of your condition, your skin type, and your overall health. Here are some key considerations to help you make an informed decision.

• Consult a dermatologist 

The first and most crucial step is to consult a dermatologist. They can assess your skin and provide personalised recommendations based on your unique needs and circumstances.

• Tolerance of side effects

Consider your tolerance for potential side effects. If you have sensitive skin or are concerned about systemic effects, you may prefer to start with topical treatments and only explore oral medications if necessary.

• Severity of acne

If your cystic acne is severe and resistant to topical treatments, your dermatologist may recommend oral medications as a more effective option.

• Commitment to treatment

Topical treatments require a consistent application, which may not be suitable for everyone’s lifestyle. Be honest with yourself about your ability to adhere to a skincare regimen.

Conclusion

Cystic acne can be tough to manage, but with the right approach, this condition is definitely treatable. Topical medications offer targeted and less invasive options, while oral medications provide a systemic solution for more severe cases. Ultimately, the decision between topical and oral treatments should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional who can tailor an approach based on your specific needs.

At APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic, we understand that dealing with cystic acne can be a deeply personal and sometimes frustrating journey. Our dedicated team of skincare experts are here to guide you through your cystic acne treatment journey. Our branches span from our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic, located near Bukit Panjang MRT station, to our Hougang aesthetics clinic, located just around the corner from Kovan MRT station. Contact us today for more information on our range of services.

Excessive sweating, also known as hyperhidrosis, can be uncomfortable and inconvenient for individuals who suffer from it. Since hyperhidrosis can have a significant impact on everyday living, individuals who suffer from it are likely to explore a number of treatments. Although various treatments are available, one promising option quickly gaining recognition in the medical field is Radiofrequency (RF) Microneedling.

Below, we will explore how RF Microneedling can effectively treat underarm hyperhidrosis.

What is RF Microneedling?

RF Microneedling is a minimally invasive cosmetic procedure that combines the benefits of traditional radiofrequency technology with microneedling. The procedure involves the use of a specialised device with minuscule needles that create controlled micro-injuries in the skin’s surface while delivering radiofrequency energy deep into the dermal layers.

Microneedling, combined with RF energy, helps to boost collagen and elastin development - resulting in skin rejuvenation, improved texture, and reduced signs of ageing. RF Microneedling is frequently used to treat dermatological issues such as wrinkles, scars, and stretch marks. These days, RF Microneedling is gaining traction due to its potential to reduce excessive sweating.

How does RF microneedling reduce hyperhidrosis?

RF Microneedling can effectively address hyperhidrosis by targeting the underlying causes of excessive sweating. Here’s how it works.

1. Controlled micro-injuries

The tiny needles used in RF microneedling create micro-injuries in the sweat gland-rich underarm area. These micro-injuries stimulate the body’s natural healing process.

2. Elastin and collagen production

As the skin repairs these micro-injuries, it produces new elastin and collagen, which are essential for skin structure and elasticity. This process helps in tightening the skin structure and improving its overall texture.

3. RF energy

At the same time, the device delivers radiofrequency energy into the dermal layers. This energy heats the tissue and coagulates the seat glands, reducing their ability to produce excessive sweat.

4. Neurological effect

RF Microneedling can also have neurological effects, disrupting the signals sent by nerves to stimulate sweat production. This further contributes to reduced sweating.

By addressing both the physical and neurological aspects of hyperhidrosis, RF microneedling offers a comprehensive solution for those seeking relief from excessive underarm sweating.

Types of RF for sweating

There are different types of RF devices used in hyperhidrosis treatment. The choice of device depends on factors such as the patient’s specific needs and the health provider’s expertise. Two common types are:

1. Fractional RF Microneedling

This method uses tiny needles to create micro-injuries and delivers radiofrequency energy to a fraction of the treated area. Functional RF microneedling is known for its precision and effectiveness in targeting sweat glands.

2. Non-fractional microneedling

In this approach, the entire treatment area is exposed to radiofrequency energy, promoting overall skin rejuvenation while simultaneously addressing hyperhidrosis. Non-fractional RF microneedling is suitable for those looking to improve both their sweat issues and skin quality.

Your healthcare provider will assess your condition and recommend the most suitable RF microneedling approach for your needs.

The benefits of RF Microneedling for hyperhidrosis

RF microneedling offers several advantages when used to treat underarm hyperhidrosis.

1. Minimally invasive

Unlike surgical options, RF microneedling is minimally invasive, with little to no downtime. Patients can return to their regular activities shortly after the procedure.

2. Long-lasting results

Many individuals experience long-lasting relief from hyperhidrosis after a series of RF microneedling sessions. Results can be seen within a few weeks to months.

3. Improved skin quality

On top of reducing sweat, RF microneedling enhances the texture and appearance of the skin in the treated area, leaving it smoother and more youthful.

4. Customisable treatment

RF microneedling treatments can be customised to target specific problem areas and tailored to individual needs.

5. Minimal discomfort

Patients typically experience minimal discomfort during RF microneedling, as numbing creams are applied before the procedure.

Conclusion

RF microneedling has proven to be a promising solution for those seeking relief from hyperhidrosis. This treatment method addresses both the physical and neurological aspects of hyperhidrosis, providing long-lasting results with minimal downtime.

If you’re thinking of opting for this treatment, APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic is here for you! Come to our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic, conveniently situated near Bukit Panjang MRT station, or our Hougang aesthetic clinic, which is just a stone's throw away from Kovan MRT station. We offer solutions for hyperhidrosis, acne scars, melasma and more. Visit us today!

Microneedling and laser treatments are both effective aesthetic treatments that address resurfacing problem areas and promote skin rejuvenation. Although both methods can yield impressive results, they differ in terms of processes, benefits and considerations.

Read on as we explore the key differences between microneedling and laser treatments to help you determine which might be the right choice for your skincare needs.

The science behind microneedling

Microneedling is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the use of a device with minuscule needles to create controlled micro-injuries in the skin. These tiny holes created on the top layer of your skin help to stimulate your skin’s healing process, producing more elastin and collagen. These proteins play a part in maintaining the firmness and elasticity of your skin.

Microneedling has several advantages, including its effectiveness as an acne scar removal treatment. The procedure is used to treat acne scars, enlarged pores, fine lines, and even stretch marks, on top of other skin concerns. Additionally, microneedling is suitable for all skin types and tones, making it an inclusive option for many individuals.

The science behind laser treatments

Laser treatments, on the other hand, use highly focused beams of light to target specific skin issues. There are several types of lasers available, each designed to address a specific skin concern. Ablative lasers, for example, remove the top layer of skin to treat scars and deep wrinkles. On the other hand, non-ablative lasers penetrate the skin without damaging the surface, making them appropriate for conditions such as sun damage and pigmentation problems.

Laser treatments work by delivering precise energy to the skin, causing controlled damage to the targeted area. This damage stimulates the body’s natural healing process, resulting in the production of collagen and the improvement of various skin concerns. Laser treatments can be highly effective, producing dramatic results with fewer sessions compared to microneedling.

Key differences

1. Downtime and Recovery

One of the significant differences between microneedling and laser treatments is the downtime and recovery period. Microneedling typically has a shorter recovery time, with most patients experiencing redness and mild swelling for a day or two. In contrast, some laser treatments, particularly ablative ones, can require a longer downtime, with skin peeling and redness lasting up to a week or more.

2. Pain and Discomfort

Overall, microneedling is usually considered less painful than laser treatments. Topical numbing creams are typically applied before the procedure to minimise discomfort. Laser treatments can be more uncomfortable, with some patients describing a sensation similar to a rubber band snapping against the skin. However, the level of discomfort can vary depending on the type of laser used and individual pain tolerance.

3. Side effects and hyperpigmentation

Common side effects of microneedling include redness, swelling, and minor skin irritation, which typically subside within a few days. Hyperpigmentation is rare with microneedling. Laser treatments, especially ablative ones, may have a higher risk of side effects such as redness, swelling, blistering and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in individuals with darker skin tones.

4. Long-term results

Both microneedling and laser treatments can yield impressive results, but the longevity of those results can vary. Microneedling often requires a series of treatments spaced several weeks apart to achieve optimal results. Maintenance sessions may also be necessary. Laser treatments can provide more immediate results and may require fewer sessions overall, but the longevity of the results may also depend on the specific laser used and the individual’s skincare habits.

Conclusion

Microneedling and laser treatments are two powerful contenders when it comes to achieving rejuvenated skin. The choice between them ultimately depends on specific skincare concerns, pain tolerance, downtime availability, and skin type. Consulting with a qualified dermatologist or skincare professional is crucial to determine which treatment is right for you.

Whether you opt for microneedling or laser treatments at APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic, rest assured that you are in capable hands. Our state-of-the-art facilities and commitment to safety and effectiveness ensure you achieve the desired results while minimising any potential side effects or downtime. Visit our Hougang aesthetic clinic at Kovan MRT station or our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic at Bukit Panjang MRT. Contact us today for more information!

When it comes to medical and aesthetic treatments, choosing a suitable aesthetics clinic is just as important as opting for the right procedure. From acne scar removal treatments to comprehensive skin surgery procedures, you must find a clinic that can handle all your needs with utmost care and experience. However, with countless aesthetics clinic options, choosing a clinic that can meet all your needs might be easier said than done.

If you're having trouble finding the perfect clinic for your next treatment, read on as we explore five factors to consider when choosing an aesthetics clinic.

1. Experience and qualifications

When choosing an aesthetics or skin specialist clinic, the first step is to review your potential clinic's staff experience and qualifications. Although non-surgical aesthetic procedures do not necessarily require surgery, they still require the hands of a skilled and trained medical professional. Look for clinics that employ licensed medical professionals and have attained notable awards and qualifications. These clinics have the necessary training and qualifications in the treatments they provide.

2. Variety of service

Once you've confirmed the clinic's staff experience and qualifications, assessing the variety of services they offer is essential. A reputable aesthetics clinic should provide a comprehensive range of treatments to cater to diverse patient needs. Whether you're seeking facial rejuvenation, hyperhidrosis treatment, or specialised skincare solutions, the clinic should have a menu of options to address your concerns.

Having a plethora of services under one roof is not only convenient but also indicative of a clinic’s commitment to staying updated with the latest advancements in the field. It demonstrates their dedication to meeting the evolving needs and desires of their patients.

3. Location

Location is another crucial factor to consider when selecting an aesthetics clinic. Convenience matters, especially when you might require multiple visits for certain treatments or follow-up appointments. Opting for a conveniently located clinic can save you time and reduce the stress associated with long commutes. If you prioritise flexibility, consider choosing a clinic with several branches in different areas.

Although convenience is important, it should not be the sole deciding factor. The clinic's quality and staff competence should always take precedence over location. The key to making an informed decision is to strike a balance between location and quality.

4. Cost

Cost is undeniably a significant factor in choosing an aesthetics clinic. Different clinics may have varying pricing structures for similar treatments. It is important to understand the costs involved, such as consultation fees, treatment charges, and potential follow-up payments.

Cost concerns are one of the top reasons why adults do not seek acne treatment. Although choosing the cheapest alternative or relying on home remedies may be tempting, keep in mind that quality and safety should always be your primary priority. Be cautious of clinics offering significantly lower prices than the industry average, as this could indicate subpar equipment, products, or inexperienced staff. Balance your budget considerations with the assurance of receiving high-quality care.

5. Consultation

Last but not least, plan consultations with the clinics you're considering before making your final selection. A consultation allows you to meet with skincare professionals to discuss your concerns and gain a better understanding of your potential treatment plan. Consider the staff's communication style, abilities to respond to your queries, and willingness to address your concerns.

During the consultation, ask to see before-and-after photos of previous patients who have undergone similar procedures. This visual evidence can give you a realistic expectation of the potential outcomes. Additionally, inquire about the clinic's post-procedure care and support. A reputable clinic should be committed to your well-being throughout the entire process, from initial consultation to recovery.

Conclusion

As you review your options for the ideal aesthetics clinic, remember that your choice should align with your needs and expectations. Through thorough research and considering the factors listed above, you can confidently make a decision that not only ensures safe and effective treatments but also leaves you feeling and looking your absolute best.

For those seeking a remarkable blend of expertise, convenience, and excellence in the field of aesthetics, APAX Medical and Aesthetics Clinic stands as a shining example. With our team of highly qualified professionals, a comprehensive range of services, strategically located branches, and a commitment to patient-centred care, APAX Medical and Aesthetics Clinic emerges as a top-tier choice for your aesthetic journey. Start your journey today by visiting our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic near Bukit Panjang MRT station or our Hougang aesthetic clinic near Kovan MRT station. Do not hesitate to contact us today for more details.

Preventing acne scarring

Prevention is key when it comes to acne scarring. Here are effective strategies to help you avoid the development of scars:

• Avoid picking and squeezing: Resist the urge to pop pimples or pick at your skin. Popping pimples causes oil, bacteria and debris to get onto your skin, leaving an open wound. This can lead to acne scarring as it interferes with your skin’s natural healing process.

• Wear sunscreen: Always use sunscreen with at least SPF 30 to protect your skin from UV damage. Regularly applying sunscreen will make acne scars less noticeable as your skin is less likely to be subject to sun damage.

• Topical treatments: Incorporate topical treatments containing ingredients like retinoids, alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), and salicylic acid into your skincare routine. Retinoids can help lighten hyperpigmented acne scars, while AHAs increase the rate of skin cell renewals, reducing scarring-related hyperpigmentation. Salicylic acid helps with reducing swelling and redness in the area.

• Gentle skincare: Use a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser and moisturiser to keep your skin clean and hydrated. Avoid harsh scrubs and abrasive exfoliants, which can worsen acne and damage the skin.

• Hydration and nutrition: Drink plenty of water and maintain a balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants. Proper nutrition can support skin health and healing.

• Professional treatments: For more severe acne or early scarring, consider seeking professional help from an acne treatment clinic in Singapore that can help provide solutions and treatment options to reduce the appearance of scars and improve your overall skin texture.

Conclusion

Acne scarring is a challenging skin condition to deal with. Understanding the early signs of acne scarring and implementing prevention strategies can significantly improve your acne scars while reducing the likelihood of lasting skin damage. APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic is your one-stop solution for your acne troubles. Our team of professionals are equipped with the necessary expertise to guide you on your acne scar removal journey.  Visit our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic, conveniently located near Bukit Panjang MRT station, or our Hougang aesthetic clinic located near Kovan MRT station today to begin your journey!

Understanding acne scarring

Before we delve into prevention and identification, it is crucial to understand what acne scarring is and how it develops. Acne scars can take various forms, including:

• Ice Pick Scars: These are deep, narrow pits that resemble the marks left by an ice pick. They result from deep acne cysts or inflamed bumps.

• Boxcar Scars: Boxcar scars are broad depressions with well-defined edges. They can give the skin a pitted appearance and often result from inflammatory acne.

• Rolling Scars: These scars have a wave-like or undulating appearance and are caused by damage beneath the skin's surface, leading to uneven texture.

• Hypertrophic or Keloid Scars: Raised and thickened, hypertrophic scars occur when the body produces too much collagen during the healing process. They are more common in severe acne cases.

Early signs of acne scarring 

Recognising the early signs of acne scarring is crucial to prevent further damage. Here are some of the common indicators to look out for:

• Dark spots: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) can occur after acne, leaving dark spots on the skin. While not technically scars, they can worsen if not managed, leading to scarring.

• Texture irregularities: Feeling a rough or bumpy texture in the area where acne previously occurred could be an early sign of scarring.

• Persistent redness: If you notice that the redness from a pimple does not fade after the blemish has healed, it may be a sign of impending scarring.

• Prolonged healing: Acne lesions that take an extended period to heal may leave behind scars.

Preventing acne scarring

Prevention is key when it comes to acne scarring. Here are effective strategies to help you avoid the development of scars:

• Avoid picking and squeezing: Resist the urge to pop pimples or pick at your skin. Popping pimples causes oil, bacteria and debris to get onto your skin, leaving an open wound. This can lead to acne scarring as it interferes with your skin’s natural healing process.

• Wear sunscreen: Always use sunscreen with at least SPF 30 to protect your skin from UV damage. Regularly applying sunscreen will make acne scars less noticeable as your skin is less likely to be subject to sun damage.

• Topical treatments: Incorporate topical treatments containing ingredients like retinoids, alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), and salicylic acid into your skincare routine. Retinoids can help lighten hyperpigmented acne scars, while AHAs increase the rate of skin cell renewals, reducing scarring-related hyperpigmentation. Salicylic acid helps with reducing swelling and redness in the area.

• Gentle skincare: Use a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser and moisturiser to keep your skin clean and hydrated. Avoid harsh scrubs and abrasive exfoliants, which can worsen acne and damage the skin.

• Hydration and nutrition: Drink plenty of water and maintain a balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants. Proper nutrition can support skin health and healing.

• Professional treatments: For more severe acne or early scarring, consider seeking professional help from an acne treatment clinic in Singapore that can help provide solutions and treatment options to reduce the appearance of scars and improve your overall skin texture.

Conclusion

Acne scarring is a challenging skin condition to deal with. Understanding the early signs of acne scarring and implementing prevention strategies can significantly improve your acne scars while reducing the likelihood of lasting skin damage. APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic is your one-stop solution for your acne troubles. Our team of professionals are equipped with the necessary expertise to guide you on your acne scar removal journey.  Visit our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic, conveniently located near Bukit Panjang MRT station, or our Hougang aesthetic clinic located near Kovan MRT station today to begin your journey!

Dealing with acne can be frustrating and exhausting, often involving experimenting with various skincare products and investing a substantial amount of time and effort in searching for the ideal solution. One of the most concerning aspects for many individuals is the potential for acne scarring. Acne scars can linger long after the pimples have cleared up, leaving a lasting reminder of the skin's battle with acne.

If you're wondering how to spot and stop the early signs of acne scarring, read on as we delve into practical tips and guidance to help you maintain healthy, scar-free skin.

Understanding acne scarring

Before we delve into prevention and identification, it is crucial to understand what acne scarring is and how it develops. Acne scars can take various forms, including:

• Ice Pick Scars: These are deep, narrow pits that resemble the marks left by an ice pick. They result from deep acne cysts or inflamed bumps.

• Boxcar Scars: Boxcar scars are broad depressions with well-defined edges. They can give the skin a pitted appearance and often result from inflammatory acne.

• Rolling Scars: These scars have a wave-like or undulating appearance and are caused by damage beneath the skin's surface, leading to uneven texture.

• Hypertrophic or Keloid Scars: Raised and thickened, hypertrophic scars occur when the body produces too much collagen during the healing process. They are more common in severe acne cases.

Early signs of acne scarring 

Recognising the early signs of acne scarring is crucial to prevent further damage. Here are some of the common indicators to look out for:

• Dark spots: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) can occur after acne, leaving dark spots on the skin. While not technically scars, they can worsen if not managed, leading to scarring.

• Texture irregularities: Feeling a rough or bumpy texture in the area where acne previously occurred could be an early sign of scarring.

• Persistent redness: If you notice that the redness from a pimple does not fade after the blemish has healed, it may be a sign of impending scarring.

• Prolonged healing: Acne lesions that take an extended period to heal may leave behind scars.

Preventing acne scarring

Prevention is key when it comes to acne scarring. Here are effective strategies to help you avoid the development of scars:

• Avoid picking and squeezing: Resist the urge to pop pimples or pick at your skin. Popping pimples causes oil, bacteria and debris to get onto your skin, leaving an open wound. This can lead to acne scarring as it interferes with your skin’s natural healing process.

• Wear sunscreen: Always use sunscreen with at least SPF 30 to protect your skin from UV damage. Regularly applying sunscreen will make acne scars less noticeable as your skin is less likely to be subject to sun damage.

• Topical treatments: Incorporate topical treatments containing ingredients like retinoids, alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), and salicylic acid into your skincare routine. Retinoids can help lighten hyperpigmented acne scars, while AHAs increase the rate of skin cell renewals, reducing scarring-related hyperpigmentation. Salicylic acid helps with reducing swelling and redness in the area.

• Gentle skincare: Use a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser and moisturiser to keep your skin clean and hydrated. Avoid harsh scrubs and abrasive exfoliants, which can worsen acne and damage the skin.

• Hydration and nutrition: Drink plenty of water and maintain a balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants. Proper nutrition can support skin health and healing.

• Professional treatments: For more severe acne or early scarring, consider seeking professional help from an acne treatment clinic in Singapore that can help provide solutions and treatment options to reduce the appearance of scars and improve your overall skin texture.

Conclusion

Acne scarring is a challenging skin condition to deal with. Understanding the early signs of acne scarring and implementing prevention strategies can significantly improve your acne scars while reducing the likelihood of lasting skin damage. APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic is your one-stop solution for your acne troubles. Our team of professionals are equipped with the necessary expertise to guide you on your acne scar removal journey.  Visit our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic, conveniently located near Bukit Panjang MRT station, or our Hougang aesthetic clinic located near Kovan MRT station today to begin your journey!

Dealing with acne can be frustrating and exhausting, often involving experimenting with various skincare products and investing a substantial amount of time and effort in searching for the ideal solution. One of the most concerning aspects for many individuals is the potential for acne scarring. Acne scars can linger long after the pimples have cleared up, leaving a lasting reminder of the skin's battle with acne.

If you're wondering how to spot and stop the early signs of acne scarring, read on as we delve into practical tips and guidance to help you maintain healthy, scar-free skin.

Understanding acne scarring

Before we delve into prevention and identification, it is crucial to understand what acne scarring is and how it develops. Acne scars can take various forms, including:

• Ice Pick Scars: These are deep, narrow pits that resemble the marks left by an ice pick. They result from deep acne cysts or inflamed bumps.

• Boxcar Scars: Boxcar scars are broad depressions with well-defined edges. They can give the skin a pitted appearance and often result from inflammatory acne.

• Rolling Scars: These scars have a wave-like or undulating appearance and are caused by damage beneath the skin's surface, leading to uneven texture.

• Hypertrophic or Keloid Scars: Raised and thickened, hypertrophic scars occur when the body produces too much collagen during the healing process. They are more common in severe acne cases.

Early signs of acne scarring 

Recognising the early signs of acne scarring is crucial to prevent further damage. Here are some of the common indicators to look out for:

• Dark spots: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) can occur after acne, leaving dark spots on the skin. While not technically scars, they can worsen if not managed, leading to scarring.

• Texture irregularities: Feeling a rough or bumpy texture in the area where acne previously occurred could be an early sign of scarring.

• Persistent redness: If you notice that the redness from a pimple does not fade after the blemish has healed, it may be a sign of impending scarring.

• Prolonged healing: Acne lesions that take an extended period to heal may leave behind scars.

Preventing acne scarring

Prevention is key when it comes to acne scarring. Here are effective strategies to help you avoid the development of scars:

• Avoid picking and squeezing: Resist the urge to pop pimples or pick at your skin. Popping pimples causes oil, bacteria and debris to get onto your skin, leaving an open wound. This can lead to acne scarring as it interferes with your skin’s natural healing process.

• Wear sunscreen: Always use sunscreen with at least SPF 30 to protect your skin from UV damage. Regularly applying sunscreen will make acne scars less noticeable as your skin is less likely to be subject to sun damage.

• Topical treatments: Incorporate topical treatments containing ingredients like retinoids, alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), and salicylic acid into your skincare routine. Retinoids can help lighten hyperpigmented acne scars, while AHAs increase the rate of skin cell renewals, reducing scarring-related hyperpigmentation. Salicylic acid helps with reducing swelling and redness in the area.

• Gentle skincare: Use a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser and moisturiser to keep your skin clean and hydrated. Avoid harsh scrubs and abrasive exfoliants, which can worsen acne and damage the skin.

• Hydration and nutrition: Drink plenty of water and maintain a balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants. Proper nutrition can support skin health and healing.

• Professional treatments: For more severe acne or early scarring, consider seeking professional help from an acne treatment clinic in Singapore that can help provide solutions and treatment options to reduce the appearance of scars and improve your overall skin texture.

Conclusion

Acne scarring is a challenging skin condition to deal with. Understanding the early signs of acne scarring and implementing prevention strategies can significantly improve your acne scars while reducing the likelihood of lasting skin damage. APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic is your one-stop solution for your acne troubles. Our team of professionals are equipped with the necessary expertise to guide you on your acne scar removal journey.  Visit our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic, conveniently located near Bukit Panjang MRT station, or our Hougang aesthetic clinic located near Kovan MRT station today to begin your journey!

Acne is a persistent skin condition that comes in many degrees of severity, and cystic acne is considered to be among the most serious of them all. As a refresher, acne arises when the hair follicles in the skin get clogged. This blockage prevents dead skin cells and sebum—a natural body oil that prevents dry skin—from rising to the surface of the skin, causing a whole host of symptoms like blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and other blemishes. However, not all acne is the same as it is classified into different types, one of which is the severe skin condition called cystic acne. Read on as we further delve into why cystic acne occurs, how our hormones are considered to play a big role in the process, and when you should seek acne treatment in Singapore.

An overview of cystic acne

Cystic acne is a type of acne wherein bacteria enters the skin pores and gets added into the equation of trapped sebum and dead skin cells, resulting in inflammation and infection deep within the skin. This inflammation manifests as painful, pus-filled pimples called acne cysts underneath the skin that are more likely to cause permanent skin damage due to scarring and will require cystic acne treatment to resolve.

While acne cysts often resemble another type of skin infection called boils, they can also develop into spots characterised by:

• Red lumps under the skin
• Tenderness or pain when touched
• A whitish-yellow head that oozes pus

Lastly, acne cysts don't just appear on the face and may also pop up in your neck, shoulders, upper arms, chest, back, and buttocks.

How hormones influence cystic acne

Several factors may put a person at a higher risk of developing acne, such as age, family history, medications, and hormones, which are the main focus of this article. The reason hormones are influential in the rise of acne is because they cause nearly every teenager and young adult in their 20s to develop the skin condition. At this time, our skin becomes easily affected by the hormones circulating within our bodies. Not only that, but many other changes that occur during our adolescent years are also associated with these hormones, including changes in our skin.

Androgens, or male sex hormones, are believed to be the leading cause of acne. These increase in both girls and boys during puberty and may also fluctuate during women's menstrual cycle and pregnancy, hence why they may experience adult acne.

The increase in androgens during puberty can trigger acne as it enlarges the oil glands in our skin, resulting in increased sebum production. Too much sebum causes the pores to clog up, preventing our body oil from moving out of the oil glands and onto the skin's surface. Ultimately, this blockage can attract bacteria that cause swelling and redness associated with spots.

Management and treatment for cystic acne

When you notice acne cysts anywhere in your body, it is best not to pop or pick at them so they do not open and cause scarring or lead to bacterial infections like cellulitis. It is best to just wait it out or seek help from a dermatologist, as these lumps generally diminish or go away on their own as your hormone levels return to normal.

That said, this is not always the case; hence, the next option is to seek professional help for guaranteed results instead of trying various over-the-counter products that may do more harm than good. Once an acne cyst clears up, the site where it used to be may change in pigmentation and leave temporary spots that appear black, brown, red, purple, or pink, eventually fading over time.

The bottom line

If left untreated, cystic acne can have a significant negative impact on one's appearance and cause anxiety or depression as a result. As such, if your cystic acne is bothering you, talk with your healthcare provider or consult with a dermatologist and avoid picking on the swollen bumps on your skin, no matter how tempting it may be. Doing so will likely lead to scarring or develop infections that can make the problem worse, allowing you to achieve acne-clear skin.

Consider visiting our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic, conveniently situated near Bukit Panjang MRT station, or our Hougang aesthetics clinic, located near Kovan MRT station. Our expert teams at both locations are ready to assist you with tailored treatments and advice for your acne concerns. We're committed to providing accessible and effective solutions to enhance your skin health. Feel free to reach out to us today to learn more about our services and schedule your consultation.

Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterised by excessive and uncontrollable sweating. Although sweating is vital for human beings, excessive sweating poses numerous challenges and significantly impacts a person’s daily life. This condition has a profound impact that extends well beyond its visible symptoms. Although the physical impacts are obvious, the deeper consequences on daily life often remain hidden.

Read on as we delve into the significant impacts of hyperhidrosis as well as some of the hyperhidrosis treatment options you should consider.

Disrupted physical activities

Engaging in physical activities is a cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle, but it can be a source of frustration for individuals with hyperhidrosis. Excessive sweating can hinder the enjoyment of sports, exercise routines, and outdoor activities. The constant dampness can lead to discomfort, skin irritation, and even blisters. This limitation not only affects physical health but also emotional well-being, as the inability to partake in physical activities can contribute to feelings of isolation and reduced quality of life.

Grip and dexterity challenges

Hyperhidrosis can take a toll on fine motor skills and grip strength. Excessive sweating on the palms can make simple tasks like holding a pen, typing on a keyboard, or using touchscreen devices difficult. Individuals may struggle with dropping objects due to reduced grip caused by the constant moisture on their hands. The frustration of not being able to perform everyday tasks efficiently can lead to increased stress and decreased self-confidence.

Skin health complications

The perpetual presence of sweat can lead to various skin-related issues. The damp environment created by hyperhidrosis provides an ideal breeding ground for bacteria and fungi, potentially leading to skin infections and unpleasant odours. In particular, intertriginous areas—where skin touches skin—are prone to chafing, irritation, and fungal overgrowth. Individuals must take extra care to maintain proper hygiene, which can become time-consuming and demanding.

Sleep disturbances

Hyperhidrosis doesn’t spare individuals even during their sleep. Night sweats are a common occurrence, leading to sleep disturbances that can result in chronic fatigue and daytime drowsiness. Interrupted sleep patterns can impact overall health and cognitive functioning. As a result, individuals with hyperhidrosis may find it challenging to stay alert and focused throughout the day, affecting their productivity and overall quality of life.

Personal and professional Interactions 

The physical manifestations of hyperhidrosis can affect personal and professional interactions in subtle yet significant ways. Simple gestures like shaking hands or offering a hug can become stressful experiences for individuals with sweaty palms. In professional settings, the need to frequently wipe hands or adjust clothing can distract from the tasks at hand, potentially impacting productivity and professional image.

Treatment options and coping strategies

Despite the myriad challenges posed by hyperhidrosis, there are various treatment options and coping strategies available. Medical interventions, ranging from prescription antiperspirants to more invasive procedures like axillary hyperhidrosis treatment with fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR), can help manage excessive sweating.

On top of these treatment options, engaging in proactive measures such as carrying extra clothing, using absorbent materials, and practising meticulous hygiene can alleviate some of the physical discomfort associated with hyperhidrosis. Additionally, seeking support from healthcare professionals, skin specialist clinics, and support groups can provide valuable insights and a sense of community for those navigating this condition.

Conclusion

The impact of hyperhidrosis on daily life transcends the visible signs of excessive sweating. The disruption in physical activities, challenges with grip and dexterity, skin health complications, sleep disturbances, and altered personal and professional interactions are just a few examples of how this condition can impact your daily routine.

Through a combination of medical support and coping strategies, those affected by hyperhidrosis can find ways to adapt and thrive despite its challenges. If you’re having difficulties coping with hyperhidrosis, APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic offers various treatment options and solutions to meet your needs. Visit our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic, conveniently located near Bukit Panjang MRT station, or our Hougang aesthetic clinic, situated near Kovan MRT station. Aside from hyperhidrosis treatments, we also offer treatment for melasma, acne scar removal treatments, and more. Do not hesitate to contact us today for more details.

Acne is one of, if not the most frustrating skin condition for teenagers and adults alike, usually causing unwanted blemishes in the way of pimples and lesions that just don't seem to go away. Whether you leave these spots alone or not, the symptoms of acne will generally lead to permanent scarring that can negatively impact one's looks and confidence.

Thankfully, acne scar removal treatments have come a long way and now offer many different options to effectively regain your flawless visage, the most popular being laser treatment. Through intense light pulses and modern laser technology, this treatment provides a non-invasive way of undoing the damage of acne scarring by facilitating the body's natural healing process on the affected areas. Read on as we take a closer look at how laser treatment works and everything else you need to know if you're considering it.

How does laser treatment work?

Laser treatment aims to prevent scars from developing from old acne outbreaks, seeing as 95% of people who have acne generally experience some degree of residual scarring. As mentioned, the treatment breaks up scar tissue by pointing concentrated light on the skin's top layers while encouraging the affected areas to grow new and healthy skin cells and replace the removed scar tissue.

Laser treatments achieve this by using the heat from the laser to remove the skin's top layer where scarring usually forms or skip it entirely and only affects the underlying layers. No matter which of the two is used, the result is the same, and your acne scars will look less noticeable while your skin appears much smoother. The laser's heat and light also affect the blood vessels around the scar, drawing better blood flow to the targeted area, promoting healthy skin growth and reducing inflammation.

Types of acne scarring laser treatments

Just like there are different types of acne scars, there are also various laser treatments  best suited to deal with them, including:

PICO Laser

PICO Laser technology is renowned for its ability to deliver energy at an exceptionally rapid pace, making it a versatile solution for addressing a range of skin concerns, including the treatment of acne and associated issues.

Fractional Pico Laser

Fractional pico laser is a specific application of Pico laser technology. Fractional lasers, in general, treat only a fraction of the skin at a time, leaving surrounding tissue untouched. Fractional pico lasers combine the benefits of picosecond technology with fractional laser technology. They create tiny, controlled micro-injuries in the skin, stimulating collagen production and skin remodeling. This can be used for improving skin texture, reducing wrinkles, and treating acne scars, among other applications.

Frazel/Fraxel Laser

This is one of the most modern laser treatments that uses a non-ablative laser to avoid harming the skin's outer surface and only heating the skin tissue underneath it. As a result, the old pigmented skin cells caused by scarring are burned away while stimulating new collagen production to replace them.

Carbon peel Laser

Carbon peel laser, is a non-ablative laser treatment primarily used for improving skin texture, reducing pore size, and addressing issues like acne, blackheads, and oily skin. During this procedure, a thin layer of medical-grade carbon paste is applied to the skin's surface. The carbon particles absorb light from the laser, which heats and stimulates the skin. The laser is then used to gently remove the carbon particles, along with the outermost layer of dead skin cells and impurities, leaving the skin looking smoother and more radiant.

Pixel Lasers

This treatment applies small, pixel-sized holes in the scarred regions that promote the body to heal these harmless and virtually invisible puncture wounds. The skin can grow afresh while healing, eventually leading to smooth and even skin.

ActiveFx and DeepFx Lasers

The main difference between these two treatments is that the latter is designed specifically for shallow and smaller scars, while the latter is more suited for dealing with bigger and deeper ones. Beyond that, both share the same advantages of not harming the topmost layer of the skin and resulting in scar-free and more youthful, firmer skin.

The benefits of laser acne treatment

Thanks to the use of bleeding-edge technology, laser treatments offer many advantages over other alternatives, namely:

• Quick and efficient

With advanced laser treatment, you can get the effective results you want without waiting too long.

• Non-invasive

Most people aren't too keen to go under the knife unless it is the only option for their aesthetic concerns. Since laser treatment lacks any sort of surgery, you can rest easy knowing that getting back your flawless skin won't involve an invasive process you're uncomfortable with.

• Safe and convenient

When it comes to any sort of treatment, many would naturally prefer something convenient but also proven safe. Laser acne treatments have been perfected to guarantee just that while delivering their advertised results. 

• Incredible results

The sophistication and extensive research that went into developing the many laser treatment options above naturally means they will deliver incredible results, befitting their cost.

Key risks and side effects to note

Despite the high level of safety provided by laser treatments over their invasive alternatives, there are still a few risks and side effects depending on factors like your skin type, the type of laser used, and the number of treatment sessions you need. When considering the expectation and realities of acne treatment, it's important to be aware of the most common side effects you can expect, which include:

• Redness
• Swelling
• Slight pain in the treated areas

The pain resulting from laser treatment usually goes away after an or two, while any redness that arises may take up to a week or more to subside.

On the other hand, infections and hyperpigmentation are the most prevalent risks associated with laser treatment for acne scarring, but these conditions are incredibly rare and easily preventable. That said, it is still recommended to consult with your healthcare provider about your risk factors when considering laser treatment. If you notice extensive swelling, pus, or fever following the treatment, speak to your treatment provider immediately.

Conclusion

Although laser treatments provide excellent results with few side effects, they are not for everyone. Different factors determine whether the treatment is safe for you, and neglecting these will only lead to worsening your condition. That is why it's important to visit APAX Medical & Aesthetics Clinic, and consult our experts who can recommend the best laser treatment for you or guide you to a more suitable alternative. Consider visiting our Hougang aesthetic clinic, located near Kovan MRT station or our Woodlands aesthetics medical clinic, located near Bukit Panjang MRT. Our branches offer a range of cutting-edge treatments tailored to your individual needs.

Why Do I Get Acne?

Why me? What could be the cause of my acne? Is it my diet?These are common questions encountered during consultation. While adolescent acne is often attributed to puberty, the reasons may seem obscure in adults. Patients are often perplexed as to why they get acne as an adult when they have had clear skin since their teens. On the other hand, they may suspect that certain factors in their lifestyle may be triggering off their acne and want further confirmation of their suspicion. Here, we will explore the factors that influence acne and its severity.

Demographic Factors

Age, gender and other trends in the population can influence acne severity. We know that acne is hormonally mediated, with more than 85% of adolescent experiencing some degree of acne. Sebum production increases during puberty. Reports indicate acne to be more severe in older teens compared to younger ones. In addition, adolescent acne is more common in men while post-adolescent acne is more common in women. Females 11-13 years of age tend to have more severe acne compared to males, this is likely due to earlier onset of puberty. Household incomes do not seem to correlate with acne severity.

Genetic and Hormonal Factors

A family history of acne in parents have been shown to increase the odds of developing acne by a factor of 2.9 times. There may be an additive effect on the odds if both parents have had a history of acne. Additionally, acne appears to be more severe if there is a positive family history of acne.

As sebum production is genetically determined, individuals with oily or mixed skin types have an increased risk of acne erupting.The risk appears lower in those with dry or neutral skin types.

Dietary Factors

Although the role of diet in relation to acne is debatable, studies show an association with certain food groups. These include:

• Dairy products
• Whey proteins
• High glycaemic index foods e.g. sugary and processed foods
• High chocolate intake
• High fat diet

Foods that may lower the risk of severe acne include:

• High intake of fruits and vegetables
• Higher consumption of fish

While there role of diet is controversial and more studies are needed, a healthy well balanced diet is always recommended.

Personal Factors

Obese and overweight individuals have a higher prevalence of acne and acne severity. This could be due to increased in androgen and sebum levels, favouring acne formation. There is inconsistent evidence of whether smoking increases the risk for acne. However, some studies show an association with lack of sleep, mental stress and exam stress with acne presentation.

Endocrine Disorders

Certain conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia may increase androgen levels. This results in increased sebum production and a higher chance of acne.

Medications

Various medications can trigger off acne as a side effect, including corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, lithium and hormonal therapies.

Skin Care Products

Cosmetics, sunscreens and even moisturizers can trigger off an acne eruption. You should look for non-comedogenic products because it reduces the risk of forming open and closed comedomes and thereby active acne.

To Conclude... ...

It's important to note that while these factors can contribute to acne, they may not necessarily cause it in every individual. Acne is a complex condition, and its severity and occurrence can vary widely among individuals. If you're concerned about acne, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Reference:

1. Heng AH, Chew FT. Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Scientific reports. 2020 Apr 1;10(1):5754.
2. Di Landro A, Cazzaniga S, Parazzini F, Ingordo V, Cusano F, Atzori L, Cutrì FT, Musumeci ML, Zinetti C, Pezzarossa E, Bettoli V. Family history, body mass index, selected dietary factors, menstrual history, and risk of moderate to severe acne in adolescents and young adults. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2012 Dec 1;67(6):1129-35.
3. Tan JK, Bhate K. A global perspective on the epidemiology of acne. British Journal of Dermatology. 2015 Jul 1;172(S1):3-12.

Acne Severity Scale

Acne Grading

There are more than 25 acne grading systems used in the world today. However, there is no common consensus on which one to use. Acne grading depends on the type of the lesion (papules, pustules, comedomes, nodules and/or cyst), the number of lesions and the surface area involved. Even so, the different grading system can be tedious and subjective as they may involve counting individual acne lesions or comparison using photographs.

Why Do We Need To Grade Acne?

Acne grading is the first step to guide proper and successful treatment. Individuals with mild acne will largely benefit from topical acne therapy, whereas those with more severe grades of acne will benefit from oral therapy.

Furthermore, it has been shown that patient's perception of their acne severity may differ from clinical assessment. If you perceive your acne to be mild when you are in fact suffering from severe acne, you may delay treatment and risk acne scarring.

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What Are The Common Acne Grading Systems?

The most commonly Acne grading tools used today are:

• Investigatory's global assessment (IGA) 
• Global Acne Severity Scale (GEA)
• Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS)

The grading systems takes into account the type of acne lesions:

• Non-inflammatory leisons (whitehead and blackheads)
• Inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules)
• Nodulo-cystic leions

Taking into account the type and quantity of the acne lesion, a grade is given, using a numeric scale. For example, 0-Clear to 5 Very-Severe. 

Global Acne Severity Scale (GEA)

Grade	Value	Description
Clear	O	Clear. Residual pigmentation and redness
Almost Clear	1	A few scattered open and closed comedomes. A few papules.
Mild	2	Less than half the face involved. A few open and closed comedomes. Also a few papules and pustules.
Moderate	3	More than half the face is involved. Numerous open, closed comedomes, papules and pustules. One nodule may be present,
Severe	4	Inflammatory acne. Numerous open, closed comedomes, papules and pustules. Few nodules and cysts.
Very Severe	5	Highly inflammatory acne covering the affected areas. Many nodules and cysts present.

 

The Future of Acne Grading?

While no acne grading system is perfect (which is why there are more than 25 different ones), computational analysis based on imaging may reduce the subjectivity and improve uniformity to help guide treatment. Incorporating artificial intelligence in diagnosis will lead to more accurate diagnosis and more effective acne treatments.